Synchronizing apparatus for alternators.



110.87%144. M PATENTED JAN. 21, 1908.

m. \IOGELSANG. a SYNGHRONIZING APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATORS.

APPLICATION PlLED PEB.2.1905

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1- Milllllll j No.1877.144. .1. PATENTED 331N121, 1908.

- M. vosmsmm,

SYNOHRGNIZING APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATORS.

APPLIOATIUH FILED 31333.2,1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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. PATENTED JAN. .21, 1908. M. VGGELSANG. SYNGHRONIZING- APPARATUS FORALTERNATORS.

APPLIGATION FILED P11311905.

. 5 SHEETSSHEET 3.

m, mummy JAN. 21, 1908;

M. voamsmw,

swemomnm APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATORSIH APPLICATION TILED FEB. 2|19 05 6SHBETB-BHBBT A.

Tlim'n g V U NITED strains Parana MAX YOGELSAXU, Oi" FRANKFORT-ON-THE-Mhlh, BOOKENHEIM, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE Specification ofLetters Patent.

SELLSGHAFT, OF FRANKFORT-Ol -THE-MAIN,

'SYNCHRONIZING APPA ATUS FDR ALTERNATORS.

Patented Jan. 21, 1908. 1905. Serial N0x 243.897-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, MAX V OGELSANG, a subject of the German Emperor,residing and having my postoliice address at 50 Parkstrasse, Frankfortonthe Main, Bookenheim, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Synchronizing Apparatus for Alternators, of which thefollowing is a specification.

Alternating current machines of every description require to besynchronized before they may besafely connected in multiple with thedistributing conductors. However, the operation of connecting the several alternators with the conductors requires careful attention andgreat caution for determining the proper moment at which they may beswitched 0n,- as otherwise serious disturbances and injury to machinesand electrical apparatuses might follow My invention relates to anapparatus, which is so arranged as to automatically connect in multiplethe respective alternator with the distributing conductors at the propermoment and at the same time it permits the disconnection of thealternator at will from the system. As is well known, heavy shockswith'serious disturbances might follow the improper connection of an:tllcl'llzltUl, not only, in case the alternator is ex ccssivelyenergized, but also in case it is insullicicm'ly energized.

The automatic apparatus according to my invention comprises a tensionrelay controlled by the tension of the respective alternato'r, aphase-indicator and a relay thereby controlled, a timing apparatus and arelay thereby controlh-id, a sychronizing circuit connecting the saidthree relays, a subsidiary relay controlled by the tension relay and normally closing the synchronizing circuit, a plurality of switches forconnecting and dis connecting the respective alternator with thedistributing conductors, a switching-on solenold in connection with theplurality of switches, a switch actuating circuit connccting theswitching-on solenoid with the solenoid of the timing apparatus, aswitching-oil solenoid for opening the switch actuating circuit, anindepei'ident source of electrical current, either direct oralternating, arranged for supplying the current to either thesynchronizing circuit or the switch actuating circuit, and where sopreferred also several safety devices. The tension relay is soarrangedfthat it'- permits the subsidiary relay to close thesynchronizing circuit, the moment the tension of the alternator isapproxinately equal to that of the distributin conductors, but it causesthe subsidiary re ay to I open the synchronizing circuit, when thetension either decreases or increases beyond certain limits. The relaycontrolled by the phase indieator closes the synchronizing circuit themoment the phase of the alternator is equal to that in the distributingconductors, but this relay again opens the circuit on the phase varying.Thus there are two break-points in the synchronizing circuit, so thatthe latter can be closed only in case both the tension and the phase ofthe alternatin current produced by the alternator are equa to those ofthe current in the distributing conductors. Then the solenoid controlledby the timing apparatus will be energized, but it can connect thesynchronizin circuit with the switch actuating circuit only after a timein correspondence 'with the frequency of the current in the distributingconductors. Should either the tension or the phase of the alternatormeanwhile vary, the synchronizing circuit will be again opened, when thetiming apparatus will stop. When both the tension and the phase remaincorrect and the synchronizing circuit remains closed, the so lenoidcontrolled by the timing apparatus will at last by a switch connect th esynchronizing circuit with the switch actuating circuit, when theswitching-on solenoid will he energized for causing the plurality ofswitches to connect the alternator with the distributing comiuctors andfor locking the several switches. lnnnediately afterwards the switchingofi' solenoid will be energized for again opening the switch actuatingcircuit. The above mentioned safety devices will be referred to lateron.

l'will now proceed to fully describe my invention with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which the alternating current is assumed to bea three phase current.

l igurcs and 1 are diagrams of the three distributing conductors, analternator already connected therewith, a secondalten nator and theautomatic apparatus for connecting the latter with the distributingconductors, Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on an enlargedscale through the timing apparatus, the solenoid therewith connectedbeing shown diagrammatically, Fig. 5 is a part of Fig. 1, showing theposition of the three switches when connecting the second alternatorwith the distributing conductors,

Fig. 4 shows a modification of a part of Fig.

5 1 Fig. 5 is a modification of the diagram Q, l u shown in Fig. 1, Fig.6 1s a part of the sain and Fig. 7 is a part of the same on an enlargedscaleand corresponds to Fig.

Similar characters of reference refer to 1 similar parts throughout theseveral views.

a, b and c in Fig. 1 denote the three di tributing conductors, m, t andc are conduotors, which already connect the iormer with the firstalternator 1, a, b" and c are a 1) and 0 denote three and c theconductors 20 ably secured on a vertical rod 3 and insulated therefromin any known manner.

T he rod 3 is mounted in suitable guides 4 and 5 to move longitudinallyand forms a part of an a mature 6 of the switching-on solenoid 7.

'5 switch 8 is shown as secured on the upper end of the rod 3 and isinsulated therefrom. The rod 3 is provided with a notch49, Fig. 3, inwhich the upper end of the vertical. arm 10 of a bell-crank lever canengage,

when the 0 rod 3 occu ies its no ermost osition so 3 r that the threeswitches a, b

and a hear from below against their respective contact pieces andthereby connect the conductors a,

and c with w, b and 0" respectively.

At the 5' same time the upper switch 8 will bear against its two Thebell-crank contact pieces 12 and 13. lever 10, 11 is mounted to rock ona stationary pin 14 and its horizontal arm 11 is adapted to act upon thehorizont 4Q arm 15 of another bell-crank lever. The la ter is mounted torock on a stationary pin 17 and its vertical arm 16 is hooked at thelower end for snapping beneath the head 18 of vertical rod 19. A spring45 draw the arm 16 from the head 18.

said rod 19 is longitudiuall guided in sui 20 tends to with- The ableguides 21 and 22 and may be in one piece with the armature 23 of theswitchingof'l solenoid. 24.

'A switch 25 is secured on.

the lower end ofthe rod 19 and insulated therefrom. In the uppermostposition of the rod 19 shown at Fig. 1, this switch 25 bears against itscloses the switch be referred to later on.

two contact pieces and thereby actuating circuit, which will Nhen therod 3 of the switching-on solenoid 7 occupies its lowest position shownat Fig. 1, it brings tl bell-crank lever 10, 11 into the position shown,so that the hooked arm 16 of the other bell-crank lever snaps beneaththe head 18 and thereby locks the switch 25 in its closed position.

beveled oil on its lower face, that on the a The hooked end 16 is somature 23 being attracted by t e energized solenoid 24,.its head 18 isenabled. to rise and move aside the hooked end. while overcoming thetension of the spring 20.

An independent any known kind is disposed for supplying eitherdirect'current r alternating current, which may be used for exciting theseveral alternators or for other purposes. This source of electricity 26is shown as connected with the. synchronizing circuit 27, 28, 29, 30,31, 32, as, 34, 3.5 37, 3s, :39, in which a tension. relay T, subsidiaryrelay S and a phase indicator rel P are inserted. It will be observedthat the synchronizing circuit referred to comprises two branches one ofwhich, 33, 44, 86 and solenoid 48 contains the solenoid 18 of thesubsidiary relay and is controlled by the tension. relay T while theother branch of the synchonizing circuit 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and includesthe subsidiary relay S, the phase-indicating relay P, and the solenoid58 controlling the switch actuating circuit and governed by the timingapparatus A.

The tension relay 'l may be of any known construction, the onlycondition being, that it may be controlled by the tension of the current furnished by the alternator 2 to be'connected with the distributingconductors. In F 1 I have assumed the tension relay T to be a well-knowndifferential relay, that is one with two solenoids i0 and il and acommon armature 42. The one solenoid 40 is connected on the one hand bya line 43 with one branch (L of the distributing conductor a and on theother hand by a line 4 1 with one branch I) of the distributingconductor 1). Thereby the solenoid 40 is placed under the control of thetension in the distributing con ductors. The other solenoid 41 isconnected on the one hand by a line '45 with the conductor a" and on theother hand by a line 46 with the conductor 5*. Thereby the solenoid 41.is placed under the control of the tension (if the alternator 2. T is soadjusted, that it balances the weight of the armature 42 and brings itinto its middle position, so that the lever 34, to which it is linked,touches neither the upper contact 35, nor the lower contact 37. Tl-hesubsidiary relay S is so arranged, that when its electromagnet 48 is notenergized, its armature 50 is detached by a spring 49, so that its reararm normally connects the lines 2-7 and-'28 of the synchronizingcircuit. The p'nase indicater comprises an incandescent lamp 5 1; and anelectromagnet 52, which are both -'connected in multiple on the one handby a line.

source of electricity 26 of i The spring 47 of the rela'yratus A may beof any uppermost meshes with th the ratchet wheel 84.

light. This will be clear, when it is taken into consideration, that twoconductors b an a are connected, two different resg ectively. is withoutcurrent, the armaturc 55 normally detached by a spring 56, so that thelever 57 does n01; connect the lines 28 and 2!) of the synchronizingcircuit. The electromagnet 52 will ,be more or less energized by thecirculating current according to the strength of the latter and he lever57 w ith the armature 55 will oscillate in correspondence therewith.Only on the current attaining its maximum will the lever 57 touch itscontact piece and thereby connect the lines 28 and '29.

In the synchronizing circuit is inserted a solenoid 58, the armature 59of which is placed under the control of a timing apparatus A andarranged for closi g the switch actuating circuit in the followingmanner. The

armature 59 may be made in one piece with a vertical rod 60, which islongitudinally movable in two suitable guides 61 :.-1'l,(l 62, see Fig.2. A switch 63 is secured on the lower end of the rod an In the positionof the armature 59 the switch 63 will bear from below against bothcontact pieces 64 and 65 and thereby connect the two lines 71 and 72.The timing appaknown construction. In the drawings it is assumed to be aclockwork comprising two gear wheels 78 and 81, two pinions 80 and 82, afly 83, a ratchet S4 fastened on the shaft 79 of the gear wheel 78, apinion loose on the shaft 78 and lever 87 rigidly connected with thepinion 85 and carrying a pawl 88. The upper part of the rod 60 is formedwith a rack 86, which e pinion85. It will be evienr from an examinationof Fig. 2, that on the solenoid 58 being energized it will attract itsarmature 59 and ress the rod 60 u pward. Thereby the cloc work will beut into motion and the fly 83 permits the IOt 60 to move upwards onlyslowly, so that the switch 63 may touch the two contact pieces .certaintime, which frequency of the current in the distributing conductors. Themoment the current is broken from any cause, the solenoid 58 is nolonger energized but dropsits armature'59, which is permitted by thepawl 88 moving in the opposite direction under the action of the weightof' the rod 66 and armature 59 and sliding over the teeth of Then thetiming apparatus A will stop. ()l' course the timing apparatus A ispreferably made adjustable in any known manner in accordance with thesaid frequency.

69, 7.6 and 76 denote ordinary switches.

e automatic apparatus described is opinsulated therefrom.

which correspond to 1 distributing conductors I) and (z I l l l hen theelectromagnct 52 of the relay 1 i l l l contact pieces, "28 and 29 ol tleratcd aslollows: 'lheiirst alternator l is assumed to be alreadycouncctml with the thrcc distributing conductors r1, 1/ and c by thethree conductors a, 11, r. The lattcr arc shown as simple, but it willbe understood, that the first alternator 1 may bc providcd with asimilar systcm as the se ond altcrnator 2. The switch 65% is closcdfiocoiillccl the parts 68 and 7] of thc switch actuating circuit, while thetwo switches 76 and 76" rcmain opcn as shown. The upper solcnoid'ltl ofthe trnsion relay 'l is cncrgizcd by ihc current derived from thcdistributing conductors s and I) by means ol il c circuit 43, 44, sothat the armature is attracted upwards and causes the 34 io touch thcuppcr contact35. source of electricity 26 and circulating in the circuit27, 33, 34, 35, 36, 3.), 3], 32 will chergize thc clcctroniagnct 48, sothat the latter attracts its armature 50 and thereby causes its rear armto break the connection between the lines 27 and 2S ol the synchronizingcir' cuit.

. On the second alternator 2 starting, it, will produce a current, apart of which circulates in the circuit 45, 46 and energizes thelowersolcnoid 4] of the tension relay 'l .Thc moment the tension of thiscurrent is equal to that in the upper solenoid 40, the armature 42 willbe brought into its middle position shown at Fig. 1, so that the levcrSdoes not touch either the upper contact 35 or the lower contact 37. Thenthe electromagnet 48 of the subsidiary relay S will be without current,so that the spring 49 detaches the armature 50 and causes its rear armto connect the lines 27 and 2%; of the synchronizing circuit. Meanwhileanother part of the current from the alternator 2 will pass over to thedistributing conductor 7) through the phase indicator circuit 54, 53,4-4. If, in which both the incandescent lamp 5] and the elcctromagnet 52act as resistances. The eleciromagnet 52 being thereby energized willmore or less attract its armature 55, which will oscillate. When thelever 57 touches its it thereby connects the lines is synchronizingcircuit. At the same time the incamlescent lamp 5] will give a light andindicate to the machinist the condition of the system. 'lhcsynchronizing circuit 27, 28, 29, 230, 3], 32 being now closcd, thesolenoid 58 or the timing apparatus A will be energized and attract itsarmature 60 upwards. 'lhercby the clockwork is put into motion, so thatthe switch 63 slowly rises and approaches to the contacts 64- :.nd 65.As is well known, the frequency of the alternator 2 may not always be atonce equal to that in the distributing conductors (.L, b and 1:, so thatthe current circulating may soon decrease and the spring 56 willovercomethe attraction of the electromagnet 52 and detach its armature55, whereby the syn- Then a current supplied by the chronizing circu tis again opened. The strength of the current circulating in the circuit54, 53, 44, b may repeatedly increase and decrease and the armature willkeep oscillating. Also the tension of the aiterna tor 2 may increasebeyond that of the distributing conductors a, b, and 0, so that thelower solenoid 41 will be able to move the common armature 42 downwardsandcause the lever 34 to touch theylower contact 37', when in a similarmanner as described above the electromagnet 48 of the subsidiaryrelay 1S will be energized to attract its armature 50 and thereby to open thesynchronizing circuit. Thus the latter can never be closed, it thetension of the alternator 2 is higher or lower than that in thedistributing conductors (1,, b and c. tance, as all shocks and injury'tomachines and apparatuses are thereby avoid ed, When both the tension andthe frequency of the alternator 2 become equal to those of the distributin conductors (L, b and c, the timing apparatus A will be put intomotion fora sufficient time to enable the switch 63 to touch its contactpieces 64 and Giraud to connect the lines 71 and 72. Thereby the switchactuating circuit 27, 6G, 67, 25, 68, 69, 71, 63, 72, 30, 31, 32 will beclosed, so that the switching-on solenoid 7 is energized and attractsthe vertical rod 3 upwards and causes the three switches a 1) and c totouch their respective contact pieces and thereby to connect thealternator 2 with the distributing conductors a, band 0. At the sametime the upper end of the vertical arm 10 of the bellcrank lever 10, 11will engage in the notch 9 of the rod 3 and thus lock the three switchesa b and 0 The dropping arm 11 of the bell-crank 10, i1 releases by meansof the spring-pressed bell-crank lever .15, 16 the head 18 of the rod19. whereupon with the armature 23 the switch 25 falls and opens theswitch actuating circuit. The upper SM .tch 8 on the rod 3 touches itstwo contact pieces 12 and 13 and thereby connects the lines 73 and 74.

If it is desired at any time to disconnect t e alternator 2 from thedistributing conuctors a, b and c, the switch 7 6 is switched on: toconnect the parts 7 5 and 77 of the switch actuating circuit. suppliedfrom the source of electricity 26 and circulating in the switchactuating'circuih27,

-66, 73, 13, s12, 74, 75, 76,77, 32-will ener gize the switching-oilsolenoid 24, so that it attracts its armature 23 upwards. The head 18 ofthe rod 19 will reach its uppermost position and strike against thehorizontal arm 11 of the bell-crank lever 10, 11, so that the verticalarm 10 withdraws from the notch 9, whereupon the rod 3 with the armature6 and the three switches a, 7) and 0 drops to disconnect the alternator2 from the distributing conductors a, b and c.

This is of special nnpon' Then the current switches 69 When it isdesired to connect the alternator 2 with thedistributing conductors a,l) and c, in case no current is in the latter, the switch 7 6 isswitched on, while the other two and 76 remain switched off. electricity26 will circulate in the switch actuating circuit 27, 66, 67, 25, 68, 7676 77, 32 and energize the switching-on solenoid 7, so that it attractsits armature 6 upwards and causes the three switches (1 b and c to touchtheir respective contact pieces. There,-

upon the rod 3 is locked by the arm 10 engaging in its notch 9 andimmediately afterwards the switching-(iii solenoid 24 is energized foropening the switch actuating circuit in the 1 manner described above.

Where so referred, the tension relay T may be simp ified as is shown atFig. 4, in which case the upper solenoid 40 of Fig. 1 and the circuit43, 44 are omitted. Then the spring 47 is so adjusted, that normally itpresses the lever 34 upwards against the upper contact 35 with such aforce, that only on the tension of the alternator 2 becoming.

,equal to that of the distributing conductors a, b, and c, the solenoid41 willbe sutliciently energized to detach the lever 34 from the uppercontact 35 and to bring it into its middle position shown. Otherwise theoperation of the automatic apparatus remains substantially the samebefore.

1n the system shown at Fig. 5 the conductors a b and c are ronnectedwiththe distributing conductors much in the same manner as in Fig. 1. Theconductors (1 b and c are also connected with the respective alternator.The three switches (i b and c are secured on the vertical rod 89 andinsulated therefrom. The latter is shown only diagrammatic, but it maybe constructed in the same manner as the rod 3 in Fig. 1 describedabove. The rod 89 is connected with the armature 90 and the upper switch93 and provided with the notch 92. The bell-crank lever 94, 95 rockingon the stationary pin 96 and the other spring-pressed bell-crank lever97 08 rocking on the stationary pin 99 are substantially the same HSlGVGIS 10, 11 and 15, 16 in Fig. 1. In this modified system is a tensionrelay T, a phase-indicator relay 1 a timing apparatus A and a subsidiaryrelay S and other apparatus as will appear hereinafter.

sp'ective primaries 100 and 193 respectively connected by conductors101, 102, with the conductors c" and b respectively which are connectedwith the alternator 1, and by the conductors 104 and 105 with theconductors a and I), connected with the alternator 2. The secondaries106 and 107- are connected in a closed circuit by the lines 108 and 109,in

The tension relay T is constructed the latter of which a lamp L isinserted.

. 7O Then the current supplied from the source of sumac differentialrelay and comprises two solenoids 110 and 111, whose armatures aresuspended froma horizontal balance 112 which is rigidly connected with asuspending contact lever 113. The solenoid 110 is connected across theterminals of the secondary 106, while the coil 111 is connected acrossthe terminals of the secondary 107. It will now be a parent that thevoltage impressed upon ,t 1e coil 1 10 will be equal to the voltage ofthe terminals or the secondary 108, while the voltags impressed upon thecoil 11 1 is that at the terminals of the secondary 107. As tho/voltagesof these secondaries are proportional on the one hand to that of themachine to be JOHIIBClS'dLl and on the otherliand to that of the systemto whichit is to be connected, it will be apparent that the energizin ofthe coils 110 and 111 will be canal and t e lever 113 will be verticalwhen t .e voltage of the machine to be connected and that of the systemto which it is to be connected are the same.

, It follows that if one voltage is greater than ,I so

- tial across the lam the other contact to one side or the otheraccording to which voltage is the greater. If that of the machine to beconnected is greater the lever will be thrown to the right andwill'colne in contact with the contact 114. If the voltage of the systemto which the machine is to be connected is greater the lever will bethrown towaros the left and willcome against contact 115. Thecontact 114is connected through the lamp L and conductor 116 with the conductor 120while the contact 115 is connected through the conductor 117 and thelamp L with the conductor 120. The coil 119 01" the subsidiary relay isconnected on one side to the conductor 120 and on the other side to theconductor 121 which is connected with the solenoid 144 by conductor Theconductor 125, in which is inserted the lamp L", is connected throughthe conductor 125 to the subsidiary relay contact lever 128. Theconductor 125 is also connectcd to the conductor 131, while conductor126 is connected through the conductor 131 and 132 to one contact of therelay P. The phase indicator relay P is connected across the lamp 1; inthe secondary circuit of the transformers by means of the conductors l37and 138. it will thus ap ear that the voltage impressed upon the soenoid is equal to the drop in poten- L. The contact lever 133 of thephase int icator relay is connected by means of a conductor139 with theone terminal of the solenoid 149 which actua toe the plunger 141controlling the switch element 1501c connect thcconductors 149 and 151,the said plunger being controlled in its movement under the action or"its solenoid, by of the timing apparatus A. The ot r rminal of thesolenoid 140 is connect l hrough conductors 142, 143, 1222, low

lever 113will be deflected w th the other terminal of the electricsource (co rresponding to source 26 of Fig. 1) to which the conductor dis connected. From the conductor 122 circuit passes through the solenoid144, the solenoids 144 and 145 being differential and acting upon hesame pluner 148, thence through conductor 152, so-

lbnoid 157 having armature 158 which is adapted to connect conductor 159with one terminal of the solenoid 157, thence through conductor 156 andswitch 155 to the switching on solenoid 91. c

t will now appear that, when the relays S and P are closed that thesolenoid 140 will be energized through a circuit as follows: From theconductor d through conductor 180, contact piece 129, lever 128,conductors 126, 131 and 132, lever 133, conductor 139,

solenoid 140, conductors 142, 143 and 122, high-resistance solenoid 144,conductor 152, solenoid 157, conductor 1'56, switch 155 and conductor154, to one terminalol the switchon solenoid 91, the other terminal" ofthat solenoid being connected to the conductor e. The solenoid 144 beingthus energized the armature 148 will be attracted and the switch 147will be closed. Thus far the solenoid 91 has not been energized owing totheiact that the high-resistance coil 144 is in series with it. Thesolenoid 140 however,

emg energized, after a certain time has elapsed, depending upon theadjustment of the timing apparatus A, causes the switch 150 to connectthe conductors l49 and 151, thereby sho'rt-circuiting thehigh-resistance coil 144 through conductors 122 143, 142, 149 and 15 1.Circuit is then made from the conductor at through conductors 124 and123, switch 147, conductor 146, low-resistance solenoid 145, conductors122, 143, 142 and 149, switch 150 and conductor 151 to the conductor 15;whence circuit passes through the solenoid 91 to the conductor e asbefore traced. The high-resistance solenoid having thus been removedfrom the circuit of the solenoid 91, sufficient current flows to energize that solenoid whereby it operates to connect in the machine in amanner as de-' scribed in connection with the previous figures. Thewhole current for energizing the sblenoid 91 passes through thelow-resistence solenoid 145 and serves to maintain the switch member 147in closed position after the solenoid 144 has been short-cm cuited. Uponthe breaking of the circuit at the switch 155 after the connectingoperation has been performed in a manner as described in connectionwithpreceding fig ures, the solenoid 145 becomes denergin'ed and theswitch member 147 opens. It now becomes necessary that synchronousconditil tions shall be again reached before the solenoid 91 can beagain energized to effect a connecting operation, so that it, aftersynchronization has been reached and the machine connected, to thesystem, it is necessary to disconnect the machine because ofshort-circuit or otherwise, it will be impossible to again conne't inthe machine by reason of the setting of the apparatus due to thesynchronous conditions existing at the former connection, but it will benecessary to again reach synchronous conditions before connectionbetween the system and machine can be effected.

When the high-resistance solenoid 1 14 has been short-circuit'edasdescribed and sulficient current to energize the switching-on solenoid91 passes through the solenoid 157 the last mentioned solehoid willbecome en-- er ized, and attracting its. armature 158, will connecttogether the conductors 159 and 152, thus providing a connection inaddition to the switch 150, whereby-the high-resistance solenoid isshort-circuited. This is for the purpose of maintaining the operativecir cuit of the solenoid '91 c. osed after it has once been closed bythe switch 1.50 until the connect-ing operation has been completed. Itwould be undesirable for the operation of-the connecting means to bearrested before completion, after it had once been started. It will beseen that this undesirable occurrence is avoided by the use oi thesolenoid 157 which is supplied with current through its own armature andtherefore remains energized until its circuit broken at the switch 155upon. the completion of the connecting operation. Without the use ofthis solenoid 157 the switch 150 might be only momentarily in engagementwith its cot'iperatiug contacts as, after coming intothe positionindicated, the conditions of synchronism might be slightly varied from,whereby the switch 150 would leave its contact and the connectingoperation which had been begun would be arrested. 'With the use of th ssolenoid however, the operation of connecting, after once having beenstarted by the attainment of synchronous conditions, is carried tocompletion.

It has been observed that in order for connections to be established asjust described that the contacts of the phase-imlicator relay P andthose of the subsidiary relay S must be simultaneously closed. This canonly occur when the voltages oi the apparatus to be connected and theconductors to which connection is to be made are at the same voltage,and also they must be in base. Itwill be obvious that thegreatest tallof potential across the lamp L will occur when there is coincidence inthe phases of the voltages in the conducc 7) and a, N, and the spring 13is; rig Listed that the armm ture 133 will come in contact with theterminal of the conductor 132 only when there is this maximum fall ofpotential across th lamp L and therefore the application of a maximumpotential to the solenoid 136.

The lever 128 of the subsidiary relay S can only come against itscontact 129 when the solenoid 119 is denergized. This can only occurwhen the contact lever 113 is not in engagement with either of thecontacts 114 and 115 for, if the lever engages with either of thecontacts referred to, circuit may be traced from the conductor (1through the conductor 118 lever 113, conductor 120, solenoid 119, andconductors 121 and 122, to the high-resistance so old. 141, whencecircuit may be traced through the solenoid 91 to the concuctor e. Asbefore pointed out, if the voltage of the lines a and b*, is too small,the lever 413 will come against the contact 115 so that connection ismade with the conductor 120 through the lamp lfand the burning of thislamp will indicate that the voltage of these lines is too small. Ii, onthe other hand the too high, connection with the conductor 120 will bemade through the lamp L and the burning of this lamp will indicate thiscondition of the voltage. hen, however, the voltage of the machine to beconnected and the distributing conductors are equal and,

with either of the contacts ll and 115, the solenoid 119 will bedeinergized and the lever 128 will come in contact with the contactpiece 120. This contacting of the lever and. cont-act piece not onlyserves to close the synchrimizing circuit at this point but it alsocloses a circuit through the lamp L which may be traced as follows: Fromthe conductor (1'- through conductor 130 contact piece 129, lever 128,conductor 126, conductor 125 containing the lamp L, conductor 121 andconductor 1'22 to the high-resistance solenoid 144 whence circuit may betraced as hereinbefore through the solenoid 91 to the conductor e. Thelamp L will then be lighted and aiiord an indication of the fact thatthe voltages of the lines to be connected together are equal.

The switches 1th) and 161 correspond to those 76 and 7 6 respectively inFig. 1. The operation of the auto matic apparatus shown at Fig. 5 isotherwisesimilar to that of the apparatus shown at Fig) 1.

The automatic apt aratus may be varied in many respects withoutdeviating from the spirit of my invention. In some cases the regulatorfor exciting the alternator may be provided with adjustable contactpieces on that place, whichcorresponds to the correct tension, and thosecontact pieces may be connected with the tension relay T for controllingthe same.

voltage of these lines is,

therefore, the lever 113 is not in engagement "Wht I claim a myinvention, to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The coinbinctionwith an alternating c rrent machine and its distributingconductors, of second siternating current ins chin-o, connectionsbetween said conductors and said second alternator provided with anddesire switches, tension relay controlied by the tension in saidalternator-s, a phase indicator, a solenoid with a. timing apparatus, asynchronizing circuit containing said solenoid and adapted to hc'closcdby suid tension roiuy on thcrc being the correct tension and. by said i.so indicator on there being tho corroct phase, and a switch. actuatingcircuit adapted to he closed by said solenoid on there being the correctfrequency and to close the switches in said connections.

2. Tho combination with the distributing conductors of an alternatingcurrent mschinc, of second alternating current n1achins, connectionsbetween said conductors sud said. second alternator provided withswitches, at tension relay controlied by the tension in saidsiternntors, a phase indicator, o solenoid with a timing apparatus, asynchroni cg circuit containing so id solenoid and adapted to be closedby said tension reicy on there hcing the correcttension and by saidphase indicator on there being the correct phase, a switch actuatingcircuit adapted.

to he closed by said solenoid on there being the correct frequencycnundapted to close the switches in said connections, and means forlocking the switches and afterwards 0 peniug said switch actuatingcircuit.

3. The combination with current conveying distributing conductors, of analternating current machine, connections between them pro'vidcd withswitches, a tension relay controlled by the tension in said 'crnctor, asubsidiary relay controlled h and tension rein-y, a phase iudicsitor, ftreis v controlled by said phase indicator, scieuoid with a timingapparatus, ynchrcnizing circuit containing said solenoid and adopted heclosed by said subsidiary rehi'y and said reiuy, a switch actuatingcircuit sdsptsd to he closed by said. solenoid and to close tho switchesin said connections, and means locking these switches and afterwardsopen-- ing said switch actuating circuit.

4. Tho combination with Iii-sin. current conveying distributingconductors, of an. oitornu-ting current machine, tween them provided xviswitches, on dependent source of electrical current with twodistributing conductors, a tension relay coin trolled by thetension insaid alternator, a subsidiary relay controlicd by said tension relay, aphase indicator, a relay controlled by said phase indicator, a solenoidwith a time apparatus, a synchronizing circuit joined to said twodistributing conductors and containing said solenoid and -sdopted to heclosed by said subsidiary relay and said 1' my, a switch actuatingcircuit joined to said synchronizing circuit and adapted to he closed bysaid solenoid and to close the switci es in said connections, sud meansfor locking these switches and afterwards open ing said switch actuatingcircuit.

In testimony Whereot I have name to this specification in the twosubscribing Witnesses.

. MAX VOGELSANG.

signed my presence. of

Witnesses:

.cniu'z i-LissLAcnuR, IN Prrrnnv connections hc

